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=Sir Walter Raleigh=

Sir Walter Raleigh was born in 1552 in Hayes Barton in Devonshire, England. His father was a farmer who married three times and had a multitude of childeren from the previous marriages. The most notable of these childeren was Raleigh's half brother Sir Humphrey Gilbert, who he would later work alongside and travel with. Raleigh had a relatively normal childhood and school and eventually left his hometown to attend Oriel College in Oxford. Raleigh's stay at Oriel was short. In 1569, he followed his cousin Henry Champernown to serve with the French Huguenots. While in France, Raleigh also witnessed the massacre of St. Barthlomew in 1572. After this, Raleigh went with Sir Gilbert on an expedition to the Americas in 1578 to claim land under the control of "heathen or barbarious peoples" as well as to move the Spainairds off their claimed lands. Their expedition was pushed back by the Spanish forces and they were forced back to England after the loss of one of their ships. In 1580, Raleigh became a captain in Queen Elizabeth's army and a pesronal favorite of her after he helped to put down an Irish rebellion. Raleigh was given a number of financial and business perks by the Queen, including a 40,000 acre plot of land. He became the warden of the tin mines, as well as holding a monopoly on exporting woolen cloths, all of which helped to make Sir Walter very rich. [[#x-Sir Walter Raleigh--After gaining power and riches in the Queen's court, Raleigh began to send a number of ventures in colonization including modern day Virginia and North Carolina. Over the next two year, Raleigh fought in a number of battles in Ireland and reestablished himself as a military force. He then went on expeditions to Portugal and Spain, mostly for trading and supply purposes. Then, in 1592, SIr Walter married Elizabeth Throgmorton, a maid of honor for Queen Elizabeth. Since marrying the maids was a forbidden practice at the time, Raleigh was thrown into prison and lost his spot as the favorite knight in the Queen's court. After he was released, Raleigh retired to Dorsetshire were he remained for three years. The simple life was not enough for Raleigh, and in 1595 he embarked on an expedition to South America in search of gold and the mythical city of El Dorado. He publsihed the Discoverie of Guiana//, a book about his search, on his return to England. When he returned, he was one of the most hated men in England for his greed, arrogance, and alleged skepticism of religion. Also, at this time, Queen Elizabeth had passed away and James I had risen to power. Raleigh and James had a mutual loathing for each other and because of this Raleigh made several plots to overthrow James. These plots, however, caused Raleigh to be thrown into jail. While he was there, Raleigh made a suicide attempt by stabbing himself, but inflicted only minor wounds. Raleigh was then tried for conspiracy and treason, both of which he was convicted on and eventually sentenced to death in November, 1603. While in prison before his death, Raleigh composed numerous treaties, the bulk of his poems, as well as his only volume of the //History of the World series. Finally, on October 29, 1618, Raleigh was beheaded.]] After gaining power and riches in the Queen's court, Raleigh began to send a number of ventures in colonization including modern day Virginia and North Carolina. Over the next two year, Raleigh fought in a number of battles in Ireland and reestablished himself as a military force. He then went on expeditions to Portugal and Spain, mostly for trading and supply purposes. Then, in 1592, SIr Walter married Elizabeth Throgmorton, a maid of honor for Queen Elizabeth. Since marrying the maids was a forbidden practice at the time, Raleigh was thrown into prison and lost his spot as the favorite knight in the Queen's court. After he was released, Raleigh retired to Dorsetshire were he remained for three years. The simple life was not enough for Raleigh, and in 1595 he embarked on an expedition to South America in search of gold and the mythical city of El Dorado. He publsihed the //Discoverie of Guiana//, a book about his search, on his return to England. When he returned, he was one of the most hated men in England for his greed, arrogance, and alleged skepticism of religion. Also, at this time, Queen Elizabeth had passed away and James I had risen to power. Raleigh and James had a mutual loathing for each other and because of this Raleigh made several plots to overthrow James. These plots, however, caused Raleigh to be thrown into jail. While he was there, Raleigh made a suicide attempt by stabbing himself, but inflicted only minor wounds. Raleigh was then tried for conspiracy and treason, both of which he was convicted on and eventually sentenced to death in November, 1603. While in prison before his death, Raleigh composed numerous treaties, the bulk of his poems, as well as his only volume of the //History of the World// series. Finally, on October 29, 1618, Raleigh was beheaded.


 * ======Sir Walter Raleigh was a British Explorer, poet and historian. He was born in 1552.======
 * ======Led several expeditions across the Atlantic as he is connected with the colonization of Virginia.======
 * ======Several works include:======
 * ======The Lie======
 * ======Even Such is Time======
 * ======In Commendation to the Steel Glass======

[|"The Lie"] media type="youtube" key="NHhvKpp2PA0" height="315" width="560" Go, soul, the body's guest, …. Upon a thankless arrant; Fear not to touch the best; …. The truth shall be thy warrant: ….…. Go, since I needs must die, ….…. And give the world the lie. Say to the court it glows …. And shines like rotten wood, Say to the church it shows …. What's good, and doth no good: ….…. If church and court reply, ….…. Then give them both the lie. Tell potentates, they live …. Acting, by others' action; Not lov'd unless they give; …. Not strong, but by affection. ….…. If potentates reply, ….…. Give potentates the lie. Tell men of high condition, …. That manage the estate, Their purpose is ambition; …. Their practice only hate. ….…. And if they once reply, ….…. Then give them all the lie. Tell them that brave it most, …. They beg for more by spending, Who in their greatest cost …. Like nothing but commending. ….…. And if they make reply, ….…. Then give them all the lie. Tell zeal it wants devotion; …. Tell love it is but lust; Tell time it meets but motion; …. Tell flesh it is but dust: ….…. And wish them not reply, ….…. For thou must give the lie. Tell age it daily wasteth; …. Tell honour how it alters; Tell beauty how she blasteth; …. Tell favour how it falters: ….…. And as they shall reply, ….…. Give every one the lie. Tell wit how much it wrangles …. In tickle points of niceness; Tell wisdom she entangles …. Herself in over-wiseness: ….…. And when they do reply, ….…. Straight give them both the lie. Tell physic of her boldness; …. Tell skill it is prevention; Tell charity of coldness; …. Tell law it is contention: ….…. And as they do reply, ….…. So give them still the lie. Tell fortune of her blindness; …. Tell nature of decay; Tell friendship of unkindness; …. Tell justice of delay: ….…. And if they will reply, ….…. Then give them all the lie. Tell arts they have no soundness, …. But vary by esteeming; Tell schools they want profoundness, …. And stand too much on seeming. ….…. If arts and schools reply, ….…. Give arts and schools the lie. Tell faith it's fled the city; …. Tell how the country erreth; Tell manhood, shakes off pity; …. Tell virtue, least preferreth. ….…. And if they do reply, ….…. Spare not to give the lie. So when thou hast, as I  …. Commanded thee, done blabbing; Because to give the lie …. Deserves no less than stabbing: ….…. Stab at thee, he that will, ….…. No stab thy soul can kill!
 * [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Execution_of_Sir_Walter_Raleigh.jpg/220px-Execution_of_Sir_Walter_Raleigh.jpg caption="The execution of Raleigh in 1618"]] ||
 * The execution of Raleigh in 1618 ||
 * The Lie**

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 * The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd**

Fall the world and love were young, And truth in every shepherd's tongue, These pretty pleasures might me move To live with thee and be thy love.

Time drives the flocks from field to fold, When rivers rage and rocks grow cold; And Philomel becometh dumb; The rest complains of cares to come.

The flowers do fade, and wanton fields To wayward winter reckoning yields: A honey tongue, a heart of gall, Is fancy's spring, but sorrow's fall.

The gowns, thy shoes, thy beds of roses, Thy cap, thy kirtle, and thy posies Soon break, soon wither, soon forgotten,— In folly ripe, in reason rotten.

Thy belt of straw and ivy buds, Thy coral clasps and amber studs, All these in me no means can move To come to thee and be thy love.

But could youth last and love still breed, Had joys no date nor age no need, Then these delights my mind might move To live with thee and be thy love.

The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd for full text: [] Below is another example of Sir Walter's poetry, //The Lie//: Below is a list of Raleigh's representative works: []

media type="custom" key="17525658"

A Farewell to False Love
 Farewell, false love, the oracle of lies, A mortal foe and enemy to rest, An envious boy, from whom all cares arise, A bastard vile, a beast with rage possessed, A way of error, a temple full of treason, In all effects contrary unto reason. A poisoned serpent covered all with flowers, Mother of sighs, and murderer of repose, A sea of sorrows whence are drawn such showers As moisture lend to every grief that grows; A school of guile, a net of deep deceit, A gilded hook that holds a poisoned bait.

A fortress foiled, which reason did defend, A siren song, a fever of the mind, A maze wherein affection finds no end, A raging cloud that runs before the wind, A substance like the shadow of the sun, A goal of grief for which the wisest run. A quenchless fire, a nurse of trembling fear, A path that leads to peril and mishap, A true retreat of sorrow and despair, An idle boy that sleeps in pleasure's lap, A deep mistrust of that which certain seems, A hope of that which reason doubtful deems. Sith then thy trains my younger years betrayed, And for my faith ingratitude I find; And sith repentance hath my wrongs bewrayed, Whose course was ever contrary to kind: False love, desire, and beauty frail, adieu. Dead is the root whence all these fancies grew.

**Discussion questions**
1. What does this poem reflect of Raleigh's overall view of love and romance? 2.Who do you think Raleigh is talking to, and why